虚拟化之Xen配置应用
- Xen说明
- Xen安装
- 配置网卡
- 安装一台虚拟机
- 启动此虚拟机
- 控制台常用的命令
Xen说明
本文讲述Xen服务在CentOS平台安装、dom0虚拟主机安装、控制台管理等基础功能的使用
Xen Project是领先的开源虚拟化平台，已在全球最大的云服务平台应用。亚马逊，阿里云，Rackspace公共云，Verizon云平台和许多托管服务都使用Xen项目。另外，它被集成到多个云解决方案项目，如OpenStack。Xen官网http://www.xenproject.org/
Xen安装
OS：CentOS-6.7-x86_64-minimal.iso
默认已经开启了cpu的虚拟化(参考虚拟化之KVM配置应用中开启虚拟化)，系统已经关闭selinux（setenforce 0;sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config）
# yum install gcc gcc-c++ vim wget lrzsz ntpdate sysstat dstat wget -y
# sed -i 's#net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0#net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1#' /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl -p
# yum install centos-release-xen -y
安装了下面两个包
1，centos-release-virt-common
2，centos-release-xen
# yum install xen
===================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================
Installing:
xen x86_64 4.4.3-12.el6 centos-virt-xen 1.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
SDL x86_64 1.2.14-7.el6_7.1 updates 193 k
glusterfs x86_64 3.6.0.55-1.el6 updates 1.3 M
glusterfs-api x86_64 3.6.0.55-1.el6 updates 62 k
glusterfs-libs x86_64 3.6.0.55-1.el6 updates 272 k
gnutls x86_64 2.8.5-19.el6_7 updates 347 k
kernel x86_64 3.18.25-19.el6 centos-virt-xen 36 M
libX11 x86_64 1.6.0-6.el6 base 586 k
libX11-common noarch 1.6.0-6.el6 base 192 k
libXau x86_64 1.0.6-4.el6 base 24 k
libXdamage x86_64 1.1.3-4.el6 base 18 k
libXext x86_64 1.3.2-2.1.el6 base 35 k
libXfixes x86_64 5.0.1-2.1.el6 base 17 k
libXxf86vm x86_64 1.1.3-2.1.el6 base 16 k
libpng x86_64 2:1.2.49-2.el6_7 updates 182 k
libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 base 80 k
libxcb x86_64 1.9.1-3.el6 base 110 k
libxslt x86_64 1.1.26-2.el6_3.1 base 452 k
mesa-dri-drivers x86_64 10.4.3-1.el6 base 14 M
mesa-dri-filesystem x86_64 10.4.3-1.el6 base 16 k
mesa-dri1-drivers x86_64 7.11-8.el6 base 3.8 M
mesa-libGL x86_64 10.4.3-1.el6 base 146 k
mesa-private-llvm x86_64 3.4-3.el6 base 5.6 M
pciutils x86_64 3.1.10-4.el6 base 85 k
pixman x86_64 0.32.4-4.el6 base 243 k
python-lxml x86_64 2.2.3-1.1.el6 base 2.0 M
qemu-img x86_64 2:0.12.1.2-2.479.el6_7.4 updates 831 k
usbredir x86_64 0.5.1-2.el6 base 40 k
xen-hypervisor x86_64 4.4.3-12.el6 centos-virt-xen 4.7 M
xen-libs x86_64 4.4.3-12.el6 centos-virt-xen 428 k
xen-licenses x86_64 4.4.3-12.el6 centos-virt-xen 84 k
xen-runtime x86_64 4.4.3-12.el6 centos-virt-xen 9.9 M
yajl x86_64 1.0.7-3.el6 base 27 k
Updating for dependencies:
kernel-firmware noarch 3.18.25-19.el6 centos-virt-xen 6.4 M
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================
Install 33 Package(s)
Upgrade 1 Package(s)
# /usr/bin/grub-bootxen.sh
Updating grub config
# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (3.18.25-19.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /xen.gz dom0_mem=1024M,max:1024M cpuinfo com1=115200,8n1 console=com1,tty loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all
module /vmlinuz-3.18.25-19.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
module /initramfs-3.18.25-19.el6.x86_64.img #添加了此行#
title CentOS (2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img
# yum install libvirt python-virtinst libvirt-daemon-xen virt-manager virt-viewer -y
# chkconfig xend on
# shutdown -r now
查看安装好的Xen
[root@localhost ~]# xm list
WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated.
Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 1024 4 r----- 11.6
[root@localhost ~]# xl info
host : localhost.localdomain
release : 3.18.25-19.el6.x86_64
version : #1 SMP Wed Mar 16 19:11:01 UTC 2016
machine : x86_64
nr_cpus : 4
max_cpu_id : 63
nr_nodes : 1
cores_per_socket : 1
threads_per_core : 1
cpu_mhz : 3191
hw_caps : 0fabfbff:2c100800:00000000:00003f00:f6fa3223:00000000:00000001:00000281
virt_caps : hvm
total_memory : 1663
free_memory : 617
sharing_freed_memory : 0
sharing_used_memory : 0
outstanding_claims : 0
free_cpus : 0
xen_major : 4
xen_minor : 4
xen_extra : .3-12.el6
xen_version : 4.4.3-12.el6
xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64
xen_scheduler : credit
xen_pagesize : 4096
platform_params : virt_start=0xffff800000000000
xen_changeset : Wed Feb 17 12:38:38 2016 +0000 git:8978853-dirty
xen_commandline : dom0_mem=1024M,max:1024M cpuinfo com1=115200,8n1 console=com1,tty loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all
cc_compiler : gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)
cc_compile_by : mockbuild
cc_compile_domain : centos.org
cc_compile_date : Wed Feb 17 13:09:36 UTC 2016
xend_config_format : 4
另：VMware虚拟机需要更改安装虚拟机文件夹的CentOS 64-bit.vmx文件， vcpu.hotadd = “TRUE” 改为vcpu.hotadd = “FALSE”
配置网卡
# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.71.45
PREFIX=24
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System br0"
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
BRIDGE=br0
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
# service network restart
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c298abf8f no eth0
# service libvirtd start
# service libvirtd status
libvirtd (pid 1908) is running...
# chkconfig libvirtd on
安装一台虚拟机
下面是用自己设置http服务的系统源来做的，参考虚拟化之KVM配置应用中配置安装虚拟机的源
virt-install安装guest：
# virt-install -n bbotte_1 -r 512 --vcpus=2 --disk /data/bbotte_1.img,size=10 --nographics -p -l "http://192.168.71.45" -w bridge:br0 --extra-args="text console=com1 utf8 console=hvc0"
name bbotte_1
内存 512M
cpu 2颗
磁盘文件 /data/bbotte_1.img
磁盘大小 10G
也可以选择交互式安装 virt-install –prompt
# virt-install --prompt
Would you like a fully virtualized guest (yes or no)? This will allow you to run unmodified operating systems.
yes
What is the name of your virtual machine?
bbotte_1
How much RAM should be allocated (in megabytes)?
512
What would you like to use as the disk (file path)?
/data/bbotte_1.img
How large would you like the disk (/data/bbotte_1.img) to be (in gigabytes)?
10
What is the install CD-ROM/ISO or URL?
http://192.168.71.45/ #或者/data/CentOS-6.7-x86_64-minimal.iso
Starting install...
Retrieving file .treeinfo... | 676 B 00:00 ...
Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 8.1 MB 00:00 ...
Retrieving file initrd.img... | 69 MB 00:00 ...
Creating storage file devops2u_1.img | 10 GB 00:00
Creating domain... | 0 B 00:01
Connected to domain devops2u_1
Escape character is ^]
而我一般是新建配置文件管理虚拟机，建议大家也这样操作：
# cd /data
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=6G,preallocation=metadata /data/centos1.qcow2
Formatting '/data/centos1.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=6374182400 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 preallocation='metadata'
# vim bbotte_1
kernel = "/var/www/centos/cdrom/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz" #没有vmlinuz的话就从iso里面找一个
ramdisk = "/var/www/centos/cdrom/images/pxeboot/initrd.img"
name = "bbotte_1"
memory = "512"
disk = [ "file:/data/bbotte.qcow2,xvda,w", ] #指定磁盘文件，img格式的可以事先不用设置，会自动生成，qcow2需要手动生成，可以指定多块磁盘文件
#disk = [ "file:/data/bbotte.img,xvda,w", "file:/data/centos2.img,xvdb,w" ] #此行注释是举个例子给大家看
vif = [ "bridge=br0" ] #多块网卡就在后面添加配置
vcpus = 2
on_reboot = "destroy" #首次安装系统会重启，如果是restart，则又进入安装系统界面，所以第一次写destroy以停止
on_crash = "destroy"
# xm create bbotte_1 -c
WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated.
Using config file "./bbotte_1".
Started domain bbotte_1 (id=1)
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
...
...
┌────────┤ Choose a Language ├────────┐
│ │
│ What language would you like to use │
│ during the installation process? │
│ │
│ Catalan ↑ │
│ Chinese(Simplified) ▒ │
│ Chinese(Traditional) ▮ │
│ Croatian ▒ │
│ Czech ▒ │
│ Danish ▒ │
│ Dutch ▒ │
│ English ↓ │
│ ┌────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │
│ └────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌───┤ Installation Method ├───┐
│ │
│ What type of media contains │
│ the installation image? │
│ │
│ Local CD/DVD │
│ Hard drive │
│ NFS directory │
│ URL │
│ ┌────┐ ┌──────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │ Back │ │
│ └────┘ └──────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────┘
选择URL安装，下一步设置一个ip地址
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌────────────┤ Configure TCP/IP ├────────────┐
│ │
│ [*] Enable IPv4 support │
│ ( ) Dynamic IP configuration (DHCP) │
│ (*) Manual configuration │
│ │
│ [ ] Enable IPv6 support │
│ (*) Automatic │
│ ( ) Automatic, DHCP only │
│ ( ) Manual configuration │
│ │
│ ┌────┐ ┌──────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │ Back │ │
│ └────┘ └──────┘ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌────────────────┤ Manual TCP/IP Configuration ├─────────────────┐
│ │
│ Enter the IPv4 and/or the IPv6 address and prefix (address / │
│ prefix). For IPv4, the dotted-quad netmask or the CIDR-style │
│ prefix are acceptable. The gateway and name server fields must │
│ be valid IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. │
│ │
│ IPv4 address: 192.168.71.99___ / 24______________ │
│ Gateway: _________________________________________ │
│ Name Server: _________________________________________ │
│ │
│ ┌────┐ ┌──────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │ Back │ │
│ └────┘ └──────┘ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
这一步是选择安装url的源，因为配置过，写自己设置的（kvm那一篇有写安装http，设置源），如果没有设置，那么选择阿里云、搜狐、网易源也可以
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌────────────────────────┤ URL Setup ├─────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ Please enter the URL containing the CentOS │
│ installation image on your server. │
│ │
│ http://192.168.71.45________________________________________ │
│ │
│ [ ] Enable HTTP proxy │
│ │
│ Proxy URL ___________________________________ │
│ Username _______________ │
│ │
│ Password _______________ │
│ │
│ ┌────┐ ┌──────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │ Back │ │
│ └────┘ └──────┘ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌──────────────────┤ CentOS ├───────────────────┐
│ │
│ Welcome to CentOS! │
│ ┌────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │
│ └────┘ │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
下面一步是初始化磁盘，就是上面我们定义的devops2u_1.qcow2文件，要选择“ Re-initialize all”
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌────────────────────────────────┤ Warning ├─────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ Error processing drive: ↑ │
│ ▮ │
│ xen-vbd-51712 ▒ │
│ 6145MB ▒ │
│ Xen Virtual Block Device ▒ │
│ ▒ │
│ This device may need to be reinitialized. ▒ │
│ ▒ │
│ REINITIALIZING WILL CAUSE ALL DATA TO BE LOST! ▒ │
│ ▒ │
│ This action may also be applied to all other disks ▒ │
│ needing reinitialization. ↓ │
│ │
│ ┌────────┐ ┌────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ │
│ │ Ignore │ │ Ignore all │ │ Re-initialize │ │ Re-initialize all │ │
│ └────────┘ └────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └───────────────────┘ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
继续下一步，到选择时区，设置密码，
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌───────┤ Time Zone Selection ├───────┐
│ │
│ In which time zone are you located? │
│ │
│ [ ] System clock uses UTC │
│ │
│ Asia/Shanghai ↑ │
│ Asia/Singapore ▒ │
│ Asia/Srednekolymsk ▮ │
│ Asia/Taipei ▒ │
│ Asia/Tashkent ↓ │
│ │
│ ┌────┐ ┌──────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │ Back │ │
│ └────┘ └──────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌─────────────────────┤ Partitioning Type ├─────────────────────┐
│ │
│ Installation requires partitioning of your hard drive. The │
│ default layout is suitable for most users. Select what space │
│ to use and which drives to use as the install target. │
│ │
│ Use entire drive │ #使用全部硬盘
│ Replace existing Linux system │
│ Use free space │
│ │
│ Which drive(s) do you want to use for this installation? │
│ [*] xvda 6145 MB (Xen Virtual Block Devic) ↑ │
│ ▮ │
│ │
│ ┌────┐ ┌──────┐ │
│ │ OK │ │ Back │ │
│ └────┘ └──────┘ │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
格式化之后，就开始安装了，
Welcome to CentOS for x86_64
┌─────────────────────┤ Package Installation ├──────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 6% │
│ │
│ Packages completed: 7 of 205 │
│ │
│ Installing glibc-common-2.12-1.166.el6.x86_64 (107 MB) │
│ Common binaries and locale data for glibc │
│ │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
安装过程中也可以选择使用vnc，这样图形化界面更方便
安装完成之后需要修改一下配置文件
# vim bbotte_1
name = "bbotte_1"
memory = "512"
disk = [ "file:/data/bbotte.qcow2,xvda,w", ]
vif = [ "bridge=br0" ]
vcpus = 2
on_reboot = "restart"
on_crash = "destroy"
启动此虚拟机
# xm create bbotte_1 -c
设置ip，同步时间，初始化系统
登录后，exit退出登录，Ctrl + ] 回退到控制台命令行
# xm list
WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated.
Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 1024 4 r----- 64.8
bbotte_1 2 512 2 -b---- 9.2
控制台常用的命令
xm list #查看已有guest
xm create <config_file> #启动配置文件的虚拟机
xm console <Domain_name> #连接虚拟机
xm destroy centos1 #拔电源关机
xm shutdown centos1 #关机
xm start centos1 #启动
xl: Xen Project management tool, based on LibXenlight xl是xm的升级版，许多命令都兼容
xm top 查看主机和各个虚拟机的资源利用情况
- 2016年03月23日 于 linux工匠 发表